煙草在線據《煙業通訊》報道編譯 據《MTI經濟新聞》引用匈牙利反對黨社會黨議員Csaba Toth的話報道說,在只允許獲得經營許可證的國有煙店出售卷煙的新法5月生效后,匈牙利一些村莊的吸煙者在當地將沒有購買卷煙的途徑了。
正如4月3日報道的那樣,匈牙利國會在2012年9月批準了從2013年7月1日開始,對煙草產品的零售建立國家壟斷的法律。
負責監督建立煙草產品零售國家壟斷的匈牙利國家煙草貿易非營利組織說,到初始投標中規定的最后期限2月22日時,已經提交的煙草零售申請為15633份。
不過,在1417個村莊里,沒有申請提交。因此進行了新的招標。
Csaba Toth說,由于新一輪招標的中標者將在4月23日宣布,因此,這些商店還有足夠的時間一直開門經營到5月1日的最后期限為止,之后,就只有獲得經營許可證的煙草商店才可以出售卷煙了。
他補充說,這將會鼓勵黑市的貿易,導致消費稅收入減少。
評論:
一般來說,在任何行業內,自由競爭的開放市場都比高度壟斷的市場要更有活力,也更利于市場的發展。為了打破壟斷,政府也會退出市場,不對市場進行過多干預。然而,煙草行業卻是一個特例,由于煙草產品被公認為對人體有害,但是同時煙草產品也是合法產品,因此,煙草業面臨著合法但不符合企業倫理的一個道德困境,而政府也會出于公眾利益考慮,限制煙草業的自由宣傳和銷售,于是就可能出現政府對銷售終端的壟斷。我們不能簡單地去評論開放或壟斷哪種市場更好,而是應該綜合考慮,只要能達到預期的目的,就是最好的選擇。
Hungary Moves from Open Market to Monopoly to Zeropoly
Smokers in some Hungarian villages will not have local access to cigarettes after a new law allowing only state-licensed tobacconists to sell cigarettes comes into effect in May, according to an MTI-EcoNews story quoting the opposition Socialist lawmaker, Csaba Toth.
As was reported here on April 3, the country's parliament adopted legislation in September last year for the establishment of a state monopoly of the retail sale of tobacco products on July 1, 2013.
The National Tobacco Trade Non-profit, which is overseeing the establishment of the monopoly, said that 15,633 applications for the retail sale of tobacco had been submitted by the February 22 deadline stipulated in the initial tender.
No applications were submitted in the case of 1,417 villages, however; so new tenders have been invited.
But since the winners of the new round of tenders would be announced only on April 23, said Toth, there would not be enough time for the shops to open on May 1, the deadline after which only licensed tobacconists may sell cigarettes.
This would encourage black market trading and result in a drop in excise tax revenues, he added. Enditem
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